ROPs (Raster Operations Pipelines - also sometimes called Render Output Units) are responsible for outputting the pixels (image) to the screen. Pixel rate is worked out by multiplying the amount of ROPs by the the card's clock speed. Pixel Rate: Pixel rate is the maximum number of pixels the video card can possibly write to the local memory in a second - measured in millions of pixels per second. It is measured in millions of texels processed in a second. The better this number, the better the video card will be at handling texture filtering (anisotropic filtering - AF). This is calculated by multiplying the total number of texture units of the card by the core speed of the chip. Texel Rate: Texel rate is the maximum texture map elements (texels) that can be applied in one second. It especially helps with anti-aliasing, High Dynamic Range and high resolutions. The higher the card's memory bandwidth, the better the card will be in general. If the card has DDR RAM, the result should be multiplied by 2 once again. It is calculated by multiplying the card's interface width by its memory clock speed. Memory Bandwidth: Memory bandwidth is the largest amount of information (measured in megabytes per second) that can be transported past the external memory interface in one second.
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